The ship was laid down on 11 November 1944 by North Carolina Shipbuilding Co., Wilmington, N.C.; launched on 6 January 1945, sponsored by Mrs. A. E. DeMaray; and commissioned on 21 July 1945 at Jacksonville, Florida. It was apparent that additional port facilities would be required in the Saigon area. By December 31, 1968, the number of vessels had decreased to 144 and were assigned to 34 general agents.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'globalsecurity_org-box-4','ezslot_13',128,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-box-4-0'); During the period July 1, 1965, through December 31, 1968, the total cost of reactivating and operating Government-owned vessels in the GAA program amounted to about $614.3 million. Military Sea Transportation Service had the job of bringing war supplies Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Additionally, each explosive material is assigned a letter designation according to its compatibility with other explosives and materials and its relative sensitivity to sources of ignition. M60 Machine Gun, Vietnam, The Pig, helicopter door gunner, 173rd Airborne Brigade, 7.62 mm ammunition, helicopter war in Vietnam, Tom Laemlein Latest More Interests Show More Interests Get. With dozens of ships off Vietnam at any time, U.S. naval forces needed a constant flow of supplies. Headquarters Support Activity Saigon never knew from day to day how many berths or which berths would be made available to them for the unloading of U.S. cargo. Listing of all warships and submarines used during the Vietnam War. General Agency Agreement ships are activated from the National Defense Reserve Fleet and operated by civilian crews under agreements between the Maritime Administration and commercial shipping companies. The biggest and most obvious down side to Vert Rep'ing ammo is the damage incurred when dropped on the deck of the receiving ship. As a result, cargo ships of the Military Sealift Command (MSC), costing thousands of dollars a day, were forced to sit idle waiting to be worked. and kept some of its 19 ammunition ships anchored offshore near combat Page last modified: These improvements in port capabilities brought about a reduction in the average time a deep draft ship waited for a berth in Vietnam ports from 20.4 days during the most critical period of 1965 to the 1970 average of less than two days. These delays while awaiting crewmen cost the Government about $196,000 in operating costs. Over the next thirty-eight days, half a million Allied soldiers, sailors, and airmen grappled with their German and Italian counterparts for control of this rocky outwork of Hitler's "Fortress Europe." The Coast Guard Merchant Marine Detail resolved merchant seaman problems and ensured that these ships moved in and out with as little delay as possible. Holding the ships for lengthy periods resulted in demurrage charges of from $3,000 to $7,000 per day per ship. Early in the morning of July 30, 1916, German agents, probably assisted by Irish nationalists, blew up a munitions dump at the Black Tom railroad yard and the adjoining warehouses in New York harbor. ins.id = slotId + '-asloaded'; In the summer of 1968, the Navy added a new weapon to its Vietnam arsenal, the USS New Jersey (BB-62), the last battleship of the U.S. Navy to see action. The bomb casing and other non-explosive parts of the device, such as guidance components, etc, account for the remainder of the weight. to transport the 434 aircraft and other equipment. Between 1965 and 1969, MSTS carried 7.6 million tons of supplies for the Air Force, about half going directly to Vietnam, the rest to staging areas in the Pacific. At the height of the war, MSTS operated a fleet of 527 reactivated World War II ships and chartered vessels managed by offices in the United States, Japan, and South Vietnam. MSTS delivered the goods "Special Express" Risking an ammo ship in the attack transport area signified that her mission was to provide re-supply ammunition to the troops which had landed. customers to serve: the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,600],'globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-4','ezslot_1',127,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-4-0'); The T-AKE class is projected to operate at a yearly savings of $153.3M and a 53% reduction in manning requirements. It was this disaster that stirred American leaders to empower the Coast Guard to ensure that this never happened in the United States. Their primary task is replenishment of ammunition at sea, since most warships were fully loaded with munitions prior to initially leaving port. $9.95 + $4.00 shipping. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'adsensetype', 1); SURIBACHI. Communists had already overrun Da Nang, the ships evacuated thousands The problem was further aggravated by a shortage of shallow draft vessels both military (LCMs and LCUs) and civilian assets, which were used for offloading cargo from deep draft vessels at ports not having adequate berthing facilities for the larger ships. The U.S. military sprayed about 19 million gallons of defoliants during the Vietnam War. Although not a handling accident, it served as a reminder of the dangers of this type of cargo.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'globalsecurity_org-box-4','ezslot_5',128,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-box-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[300,250],'globalsecurity_org-box-4','ezslot_6',128,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-box-4-0_1'); .box-4-multi-128{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:7px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:7px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:250px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}. In addition to providing aircraft ordnance for airstrikes against North Vietnam, the ship also provided ammunition for ships engaged in support and interdiction shore fire missions along the entire Vietnamese coast. Naval Warfare. Just as in World War II and MSTS ships Never mind that the U.S. was officially neutral in the conflict at this point. This accounted for most of the casualties. Working in the area were 320 cargo handlers, crewmen and sailors. This process definitely slowed the transfer of ammunition, but again, it did not beat the pallets up. U.S. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. aboard all prepo ammo container ships. Hence, you might see a given shipment listed as "1.1C", or "1.5D", etc. The following 124 pages are in this category, out of 124 total. It consisted of ten deep draft berths. 2fLH)` e@f@`H(X$eU=1.9xX030gJs`}iMgG6n H1~] Military Justice. At the end of the month, the South Vietnamese defenders before Saigon gave way in the face of a powerful North Vietnamese offensive. 'Spooky' Gunship Operations in the Vietnam War With their flares and their miniguns and cannon, fixed-wing gunships not only illuminated the battlefield, they dominated it as well by Lawrence M. Greenberg 1/18/2022 This time-lapse photo shows a Douglas AC-47 "Spooky" at work on the outskirts of Saigon. must be reduced per ship to < 8.0 million pounds N.E.W.. See details for shipping. Casualty list of 56 dead or This allow for a swift transition from magazine to carrier. North Vietnam. All explosives are grouped into hazard classification group 1 and are identified as "class 1" materials. In 1965 Air Force tonnage alone increased from 2,576 short tons in January to 23,000 Short tons in December 1965. var lo = new MutationObserver(window.ezaslEvent); Both undergo periodic download, inspection and re-load of ammunition in the near future at Military Ocean Terminal Sunny Point (MOTSU) in Wilmington, NC. Marine transported oil and aviation gas to support Navy fleet operations. The most devastating explosion in the United States occurred at Port Chicago in Suisun Bay, about 25 miles from San Francisco. by cross-leveling amongst three vice two ammo container ships. She departed Hong Kong on 1 December 1965, arriving San Francisco on 16 December. Once more homeward bound, Mount Katmai was underway from Subic Bay on 12 January 1967, arriving San Francisco on 7 February. ins.dataset.adChannel = cid; Some hull damage. Philadelphia, and New York. As with the other two, it also has it's challenges but not as great. In this regard, Maritime develops national programs, policies, procedures, regulations, and instructions to govern the preparation, outfitting, and operation of Government-owned vessels operating under these agreements. role during the action. Rearming operations were conducted in the South China Sea and off the coast of Vietnam with carriers and fire support ships. This page is not available in other languages. Ammunition ships provided much-needed ordnance to ships on the gun line and the. llOl), as amended, and related statutes to aid in the development, promotion, and operation of the American merchant marine, Maritime is responsible also for the maintenance and preservation of vessels in the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF). An October 1973 article in Military Sealift Command's "Sealift Magazine" states there were 138 enemy actions against MSC chartered and owned ships, which resulted in 16 deaths and 45 wounded during the period May 1964 to November 1972. Commander, the Pioneer Contender and the Navy's U.S.S. The Con Replenishment, though not as fast as the Vertical Replenishment did not generate any where close to the damage caused by the helicopters. the ship was docked at Saigon (French Indochina) 17 hand grenades were Two new depots were established inland at less populated sites near Savanna, Illinois, and Ogden, Utah. . Most of the dead were children. @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { Surface cargo, during this period, continued to flow to Okinawa, Vietnam and Thailand causing multiport discharging, although efforts were made to direct shipments to the final destination port. The most notable assets to using the LCAC are easy loading and offloading capability and access to magazines. 884 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3A7B95716BD0624F95B5FFD2D025FE14>]/Index[863 38]/Info 862 0 R/Length 98/Prev 286153/Root 864 0 R/Size 901/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The situation was compounded by the Army's responsibility for offloading Air Force munitions at Cam Ranh and Saigon. var slotId = 'div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-3-0'; University and by American Merchant Marine at War **personal correspondence. These mariners The holds were packed with high explosive and incendiary bombs, depth charges, and ammunition - 4,606 tons of ammunition in all. Sabotage became a national issue. Repeated efforts to get South Vietnam to clear the piers were unsuccessful. While this maximized the use of ship bottoms, it created difficulties in Vietnam, because offloading by cargo nets and hooks was required and ammunition lot integrity had to be re-established within the depots. Leaving San Francisco on 7 August 1967, she arrived at Subic Bay on 30 August via Pearl Harbor. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'stat_source_id', 44); MV Carter was scheduled for cargo and concurrent ship maintenance cycle during the fall of 2003 (download in September and upload in December). endstream endobj 864 0 obj <>>>/Lang(en-US)/MarkInfo<>/Metadata 62 0 R/Pages 861 0 R/StructTreeRoot 73 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 865 0 obj <>/MediaBox[0 0 612 792]/Parent 861 0 R/Resources<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 866 0 obj <>stream Many of the ships offered were available because of a strike on the east coast of the United States which prevented these ships from being used for shipment of commercial November 1965, the Command asked the industry to extend the charters on the ships initially offered and to make more ships available to meet the escalating cargo requirements. The list contains five categories of ships that operated on the waters of Vietnam. Also, some berth service operators were reluctant to carry military cargo to Vietnam because of the potential risks, the extreme delays in unloading cargo in that area, and the resultant disruption of their commercial berth service. The Mont Blanc's captain attempted to minimize the potential of his cargo exploding by maneuvering his ship so that the forward hold, containing no TNT, would be struck. On the basis of vessel operating costs of from $2,700 to $3,500 a day, exclusive of fuel costs 9 we estimate that over $7 million in additional operating costs were incurred due to these delays of up to 36 days. Bryan, another merchant ship, had just returned from her first voyage and was loading across the platform from Quinault Victory. on the USAT General R. L. Howze as a refugee of World War II.]. 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