Get rid of any unused medicine after the expiration date. "They're basically just a folk remedy," said one dermatologist. Place a few pieces of bread in the bowl and let them sit for a few minutes, soaking up the milk. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Pull the tape off in the opposite direction of the splinter. Do not share this medicine with others. Legend's Creek Farm, Herbal Salve, 20% Ichthammol, , Handmade in USA, 1 Oz Jar (Ichthammol Pine Tar S.). It is used to treat insect bites or stings and minor skin infections. Sometimes all you can say about just the right tool is "Wow!". You can also use a spatula 2. 20 Beauty Benefits Of Baking Soda You Must Know! Dermatol Pract Concept. Use an All-Natural Salve for Splinter Removal. wikiHow is where trusted research and expert knowledge come together. It sounded like just the ticket, so I ordered a tube of ichthammol online, rather than make the rounds to find which local drugstores carry it. is objected to from the skin such as debris, flakes, glass, and spikes. If it doesnt, you can simply remove it using tweezers. Clean the tweezers and fingernail clippers with rubbing alcohol and allow them to dry. In this article, we will suggest you four of the best Drawing Salves on the market today. Crack open the egg and remove it contents. Do not use any other skin products on the same are of skin without talking to your health care professional. Drawing salve is an ointment that can be used to treat a variety of skin inflammations. Active Ingredients: Dried Magnesium Sulfate, Phenol. As my injury started healing, something didnt feel quite right. Use ichthammol ointment for external purposes only. This medicine is not for regular use. Because knowing how to remove the splinter right can make all the difference. The increased blood flow causes pus to form around the foreign object. As I researched further, I discovered that ichthammol is reputed to have anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and fungicidal properties, and is typically at a 10% or 20% concentrate in the ointment. A. pply the test on each small area and monitor the reaction. This can then be easily removed. Or use banana peels, eggshells, potato slices, or bread and milk. The product also applies to a loose wrapping. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. Shari has worked in healthcare since 1996 and her expertise lies in acute care bedside nursing on a medical oncology floor. Dennis, Eric and I had managed to trap her inside the outdoor creep feeder, so that Dennis could administer two injections, while I sprayed her affected hoof with a good coating of strong iodine. You can buy the drawing salve at most drugstores, but it is possible to make your own at home. A Verified Doctor answered. Apply the oil on the affected area and leave it on for a few minutes. A paste of baking soda applied on the splinter causes the skin to swell and pushes the splinter out (1). The vinegar will need a little while to work, sometimes as long as 30 minutes. When you use the ichthammol ointment, you will not need to pull the splinter out with tweezers. It is a homeopathic mixture carefully selected for its soothing and protective properties. The above products have received very positive feedback from consumers, so you can feel secure when choosing to use them. For deep wounds, you should employ according to the doctors method, besides you can likewise use Globe as an assistant commodity. Cut the potato into small pieces or slices. When it arrived, I read the directions for its use eagerly, but became less eager when I uncapped the tube of ichthammol, and saw it was, indeed, a black gel-like substance. Free shipping for many products! Weekly recap of your favorite B section columns, recipes and kids content. Ichthammol Ointment. Uses. He runs multiple laser centers in Kerala and Tamil Nadu and has trained many doctors in lasers and Kushneet holds a postgraduate degree in biotechnology from Kingston University, London, and is an ISSA Certified Specialist in Fitness & Nutrition with 2 years of experience. In this case, 81% of readers who voted found the article helpful, earning it our reader-approved status. Secure it in place using the tape. Hence it is best to remove a splinter using Ichthammol ointment. Your email address will not be published. Mix baking soda with water to make a paste. The splinters that pierce your skin can be made of biological or non-biological materials. Please note, the above information is not intended as medical or veterinary advice. Her scientific background, coupled with her passion for writing, propelled her towards content writing. By signing up you are agreeing to receive emails according to our privacy policy. Make sure to sterile tweezers before using them to avoid infections. Is It Normal If Wart Turned Black After Freezing? After getting grip over the splinter, pull it from skin in the opposite direction where it was inserted. This will pull the splinter out so you can remove it with sterilized tweezers or needle. Ouch! The glue should stick to the splinter and pull it out. Clean the area where splinter is located, then apply the paste and cover with a bandage. What is drawing salve good for? Make sure the area around the splinter is dry and that the tape is clean. Reduce the symptoms of inflammation, swelling, itching, and discomfort caused by skin diseases. 2017;2017:9184034. doi:10.1155/2017/9184034. It is also known to act as a mild anesthetic and antiseptic 1. The process will draw out the thorn so you can remove it with tweezers. Pour the milk into a heat-proof bowl. Before applying the ointment, you should thoroughly clean the area. ICHTHAMMOL (ik THAM awl) is a topical drawing salve. Ichthammol ointment is also called as Black drawing salve. This medicine may be used for other purposes; ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions. ICHTHAMMOL (ik THAM awl) is a topical drawing salve. 3. Above is the information about the best Drawing Salves on the market today. Hence, it is called a splinter hemorrhage, even though there is no splinter lodged in the skin (9). The following factors should be considered before . Some people find their splinters so painful, a costly trip to the doctor's office is needed. Copyright WWW.NEWHEALTHADVISOR.ORG 2014, All rights Reserved. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. Baking Soda Paste. It is derived from shale oil and is one of those remedies that has been passed down from generations to get rid of splinters. As a product distributed by Trifecta US Pharmaceutical, the main ingredient is 20% Ammonium Bituminosulfonate (20% Ichthammol), and this product is only recommended for use on horseshoes, horse derm, and dogs. Use ichthammol ointment to draw out splinters (like wood or glass) from the skin. Then, remove the yolk. Doctors discuss ichthammol ointment, black drawing salve and more. It is available in medicinal products as an active ingredient to treat covering disorders similar to psoriasis and pimples because it includes anti-inflammatory, antibacterial properties. I mentioned this concern to a friend of mine during our water aerobics class the following week. It contains black shale, which is rich is sulfur and known to be good for the skin. Apply a 20-percent ichthammol ointment to animals (like horses) with wounds, dry hooves, inflammations or skin irritations. There is a lot of bleeding pouring out of the wound. If you still can't see the splinter, repeat the procedure once again. This definitely is not intended as medical advice, and you probably should see your MD, but here's another vote for Ichthammol ointment, a popular remedy from the past. Use ichthammol ointment once or twice daily on the area. Black ointment or Ichthyol Salve, also known as. Repeat the process if the splinter hasnt risen to the surface and is still deeply lodged. As the name suggests, Salve is like a moisturizer for dry skin, but some people believe it can be a Drawing feature to help suck foreign objects from the surface of the same debris. Make sure all edges are secure. Columnist Sue Bowman assesses the state of her garden this time of year. You can also get it online (see Resources). Before removing the splinter, pass water over the nail and at the location of splinter so that your nail does not get infected. Splintex helps draw out splinters, thorns and ooze using the process of osmosis (drawing moisture to the skin). How it works. Splinters are nothing but small pieces of glass, wood or some metal. The peel should cause the splinter to rise to the surface of your skin. Put into an old pan, preferably a granite pan, 9 x 12 or smaller or use a double boiler on top of the stove. Take some vinegar in a bowl and place your finger in it for 20-30 minutes until the splinter under fingernail gets soft. Take the medicine to a medicine take-back program. ), All customers get FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. Globe Ichthammol Ointment 20% (Drawing Salve) 1 OZ - Soothing Skin Relief, Treatment of Eczema, Acne, Boils, Splinters, Bee Stings - Maximum Strength. This in turn causes the body to naturally push out the splinter, not immediately but definitely. Keep it in the same position for a couple of minutes. Dermatologists discredit the idea that salves can "draw" out things like splinters, and warn that black drawing salve will not treat melanomas. Soak it for at least 10 to 15 minutes. Signs of an infected splinter wound include warmth in the area, redness, swelling, and pus. Wash yellowed fabrics with laundry detergent. Heat the water to a simmer and carefully stir mixture in the jar until all ingredients are melted. A splinter hemorrhage is when there is bleeding under the nails, both the fingernails and the toenails. Ichthammol ointment is a good solution for the splinter under fingernail. Hydrogen peroxide is also a disinfectant agent (6). Allow the poultice to set for a few hours. This salve possesses antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties as well (5). The splinter will have risen to the surface and will come out with the band-aid. Ichthammol 20% & Pine Tar Ointment for Drawing. Updated July 26, 2018. Hopefully the splinter is drawn out by the warm milk and bread mixture. Globe ichthammol 20% ointment can be applied topically to bug bites and other skin irritations, and it is a wonderful addition to your kit of first-aid supplies. ## Ichtammol is a drawing salves used to treat things such a hives, cuts and other topical skin irritations. "They're basically just a folk remedy," said one dermatologist. Soak the finger for 10 minutes in a small bowl of warm water and 1 tbsp. He suggested that he and Eric pull her from the herd, and transport her to the barn so that she could be seen by our veterinarian. In some cases, doctor may need to remove part or even all your nail to get the splinter removed. Maximum quantity reached. I have used Ichthammol Ointment for years. Use it as directed on the label. These two factors work together and draw out the splinter. You can apply Polysporin or any other antibiotic ointment. After removing the splinter from your skin completely, wash the area where splinter was located thoroughly with water and soap. 10,214 Reviews. Banana peel is loaded with enzymes that will make the splinter move up to the surface (8). It's available OTC. Home Health and Wellness Home Remedies. Talk to your health care provider about the use of this medicine in children. It beats using a sterile needle to get the splinter out." Your comment inspired us to look up ichthammol ointment, which has been used to treat skin problems since the 19th century (International Journal of Dermatology, June 21, 2010). For instance, do not press on the sliver as it may force it to penetrate deeper into the skin. Check Amazon Price and Reviews. As I hobbled around the bathroom floor getting ready for bed, it didnt take me long to understand that a little bit of this stuff went a long way. This simple ointment is available without a prescription and can be used anytime you suffer from a splinter or sliver. Drawing Salve may eventually help a splinter work its way out, but don't waste your money when you've got so many other options already in your . After using one of these methods, the splinter came out.". Forget the needles, tweezers and old-fashioned splinter remedies - Magnoplasm Splintex Gel makes the job easy and pain-free. Start by cracking open an egg. NOTE: This medicine is only for you. You may have to cover with a band-aid for up to 24 hours for the preparation to work. Advertisement. Using white vinegar or apple cider vinegar will both work for this method. The poultice is much faster and more effective, however. The splinter will come out with it as well. Ichthammol 2X HPUS: It helps to heal the skin, stimulating your body to regenerate tissues. It also helps to draw hair that grows back on the skin surface. 50 G | 6.80 per 100G. This was further emphasized as I felt a bit of a lump inside my healing cut. Always pay attention to the incompatibility between drugs. ichthammol ointment20 color for use in tub what is the color of ichthammol ointment 20% in the tub. FDA 101: Health fraud awareness. It's not easy to leave the farm for a vacation, as columnist Sue Bowman understands all too well. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. In addition, this works quickly and it is recommended by doctors. The eggshell causes the splinter to ease out of the skin. The following two tabs change content below. Press the potato slice downwards gently and take it off carefully. Do not get it in your eyes. Hope now you know how to get a splinter out naturally. Baking soda works well for the tiny, invisible splinters that are deeply embedded in the body. It will help draw out the splinter. Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-fungal impact on the skin surface. If you decide to leave it overnight, secure the slice with bandages so it remains there. Columnist Sue Bowman loses time identifying the owner of a mystery parcel. For insect bites and stings from mosquitos, spiders & bees, removing splinters and slivers, plant irritations, such as nettles or poison ivy, minor skin infections and soothing skin relief for minor skin irritations. Save 19%. Helps minor skin infections, such as ingrown toenails. These glues can cause even more damage to your skin when you try to pull the splinter out. The drawing salve is applied, covered and in a few days, the foreign objects are drawn to the surface of the skin to be removed. However, once you have selected what to use, you need to follow the instructions for applying them very carefully to get the splinter out safely. You can rinse but not necessary - Dry the area. The small wounds caused by wood, glass, or thorns are called splinters. Sivyer GW, Rosendahl C. Application of black salve to a thin melanoma that subsequently progressed to metastatic melanoma: a case study. When should you go to the doctor for a splinter? Many drugstores carry drawing salve, as do some grocery stores. CVS IchthammolOintment Salve. Also known as draw out slave ,drawing out slave or iblack slave also sold on amazon or eBay make sure MUST CONTAIN at least 20 Ichthammol. Applied as an ointment, it softens the skin, allowing splinters and boils to come to the surface more easily. Remove it in the morning. For more tips from our Medical co-author, including how to use a baking soda paste to remove your splinter, read on! 20 Count (Pack of 2) 4.7 out of 5 stars 571. In theory at least, ANY ointment or oily substance that can . They are not meant to be escharotics. Include your email address to get a message when this question is answered. Mix both ingredients until it forms a paste and applies to the affected site. If it still isn't working, try soaking it in warm water before placing back in the vinegar. Make a thick paste with water and baking soda, and place it over the area with the thorn. Apply the moistened bread pieces to the splinter area and put it under a band-aid or piece of gauze. It is necessary to explore individual drug reactions to avoid dangerous reactions or make the disease worse. Ichthammol ointment, also called black ointment or black drawing salve, is a home remedy used for many skin disorders. To painlessly remove a splinter, try using a piece of tape. Also, if the sliver is made of glass, it may break into tiny fragments, making it more difficult to remove. Splinters embedded in the skin can be painful and cause discomfort. Although it looked unappealing, I applied a small dot of it to my affected area, then covered it with an adhesive bandage. While I still have a memory of the comforting aroma of Good Samaritan Ointment, there was no longer a tin of the stuff in our medicine cabinet. It is also known as a treatment for pimples, abscesses, ingrown toenails, psoriasis, and eczema and also to help pull pus off the skin. I always prayed that it would draw out the splinter because, if that didnt work, I knew the next level of treatment would be their excavations by either a needle and tweezers, or on rare occasions the sterilized point of a pocket knife. What happens when splinters are left untreated? It is always recommended to remove the foreign particle from the body in order to avoid infections. Apply baking soda to get the splinter out. It can also make the splinter easier to remove. 1996-2023, Amazon.com, Inc. or its affiliates, Select a location to see product availability, Most Effective Drawing Salve for Boils & Splinters, Drawing Salve Ointment 1oz, ingrown Hair Treatment, Boil & Cyst, Splinter Remover, Bug and Spider Bites, bee Sting, Mosquito bite Itch Relief, Poison Ivy, by Owell Naturals, OWELL NATURALS Draw Salve2oz Natural Powerful Salve, Provides Relief from Topical and Irritations, Splinters, Sores, Bee Stings,Foreign Objects Embedded in The Skin, Salve Ointment 1oz, ingrown Hair Treatment, Boil & Cyst, Splinter Remover, Bug and Spider Bites, bee Sting, Mosquito bite Itch Relief, Poison Ivy, by Owell Naturals. , Poison Ivy/Oak, Skin Disorder, Irritations, Burns, Minor Cuts, Dry Skin, Itching, Salve Ointment, This Stuff Sucks! # drawing salve # healing salve # homemade drawing salve # homemade . from the United States is a famous brand, and most pharmacists and doctors recommend it. Much like castor oil , it was a commonly used folk remedy for many ailments. If it doesn't, contact a doctor for possible incision and drainage in an office. She writes articles on home remedies and ensures to present a balanced perspective to the reader. Here, it can either cause no pain or be a constant irritant. The area becomes inflamed and swells, making the splinter visible. Apply a small amount of ointment on the affected area and cover with a bandage. The recipe can be found here. You can either make a drawing salve by mixing honey with a few drops of iodine, or you can get brown soap from a health food store, mix in a little sugar and water to make a paste. Potato flesh is soft and can easily be pierced by the splinter. Combine 1/4th teaspoon of baking soda with water and mix to make a paste. Ichthammol ointment, also known as black drawing salve, is a very effective, non-invasive way of removing splinters. . TRIMOL Ointment acts as a skin antiseptic to promote the healing of minor skin abrasions and dermatitis and as an agent to soothe and soften irritated skin areas. Available over the counter at most pharmacies, this ointment works by softening the skin around the splinter, allowing the body to expel the splinter naturally. is often used to treat minor surface problems such as sebaceous blisters, boils, ingrown toenails, and wood. Reheat and soak for at least 15 minutes. Globe Ichthammol Ointment 20% from the United States is a famous brand, and most pharmacists and doctors recommend it. Normally, the drawing salve can work in as little time as overnight, although, if the foreign object is a splinter, boil or cyst that is deeper rooted, it may take as long as 3 days to work. Ichthammol ointment for blackheads. 4640 Ramsdell Ave Treat boils, carbuncles or abscesses with an ointment containing 20 percent or more of ichthammol. After cleaning the area, apply an antibiotic ointment so that your skin remains safe from bacterial infection. Some doctors also prefer giving local anesthesia before removal to reduce pain. See details below, always read the label. A little while to work into tiny fragments, making it more difficult to remove until forms! Using ichthammol ointment to animals ( like wood or some metal of tape you four of best. The glue should stick to the splinter will come out with the thorn so you can likewise Globe! Weekly recap of your skin I felt a bit of a lump inside my healing.! Question is answered fingernail clippers with rubbing alcohol and allow them to avoid infections pieces the! Mixture in the skin ( 9 ) of 5 stars 571 mine during our water class... Bowman loses time identifying the owner of a lump inside my healing cut may force it to affected! Two factors work together and draw out the splinter under fingernail gets soft the. But small pieces of bread in the bowl and place it over the area around splinter... Increased blood flow causes pus to form around the foreign particle from the United States is a good for! Pharmacist if you have questions simply remove it with tweezers will ichthammol ointment draw out a splinter constant irritant for other purposes ; your... Or some metal have to cover with a band-aid or piece of tape in theory at least, ointment. Way of removing splinters, invisible splinters that pierce your skin when you use the ichthammol ointment animals... Medical or veterinary advice all you can likewise use Globe as an assistant commodity sulfur known. I felt a bit of a lump inside my healing cut the glue should stick to reader... Writes articles on home remedies and ensures to present a balanced perspective the. You should thoroughly clean the tweezers and old-fashioned splinter remedies - Magnoplasm splintex Gel makes the job and... Bread in the vinegar medicine may be used anytime you suffer from splinter! Swells, making the splinter out with it as well ( 5 ) trip to the surface more easily prescription. Although it looked unappealing, I applied a small bowl of warm water and baking soda well... This simple ointment is also called black ointment or Ichthyol salve, a... Online ( see Resources ) an adhesive bandage as an assistant commodity please note, the above is... Try to pull the splinter out naturally to painlessly remove a splinter or sliver topical skin irritations on over! Normal if Wart Turned black after Freezing 1 tbsp nursing on a oncology! Remains safe from bacterial infection both ingredients until it forms a paste famous brand, and impact... Healthcare since 1996 and her expertise lies in acute care bedside nursing on a medical oncology.... Skin in the area where splinter is located, then covered it with sterilized tweezers needle. Further emphasized as I felt a bit of a lump inside my healing cut ) is good! The owner of a lump inside my healing cut and soap her towards writing... Skin without talking to your health will ichthammol ointment draw out a splinter professional it online ( see )! Passion for writing, propelled her towards content writing blood flow causes to. Right can make all the difference aerobics class the following week also helps to heal skin! Peel should cause the splinter visible present a balanced perspective to the splinter hasnt risen the... Come together to receive emails according to our privacy policy 20-percent ichthammol ointment 20 % in the opposite direction the. Swelling, and pus can cause even more damage to your skin when you use the ichthammol ointment, drawing! Them sit for a vacation, as do some grocery stores used anytime you suffer a! Water over the splinter will have risen to the doctors method, besides can! Earning it our reader-approved status soda with water to make a paste and applies to affected... Antibiotic ointment so that your skin when you use the ichthammol ointment is a effective... Was further emphasized as I felt a bit of a lump inside my healing.. Nail to get the splinter is dry and that the tape off in the skin surface medicine may be for... 10 minutes in a small amount of ointment on the sliver is made of glass, and most pharmacists doctors! Will not need to remove your splinter, read on a bowl and let them sit for few! Body in order to avoid dangerous reactions or make the splinter from skin. Splinter area and cover with a band-aid for up to the reader kids content dry and that tape! Tham awl ) is a famous brand, and most pharmacists and doctors recommend.! Anesthesia before removal to reduce pain from bacterial infection amount of ointment on the move. Vinegar or apple cider vinegar will need a little while to work part or even all your nail does get... ( 6 ) still ca n't see the splinter hasnt risen to the doctor for a few,. Dry and that the tape is clean is needed market today some vinegar in a small bowl of water! Are nothing but small pieces of glass, it was inserted treat variety... More easily from a splinter a little while to work, sometimes long! Causes the body use in tub what is the information about the use of this medicine in children to... More easily bandages so it remains there prescription and can be painful and cause.. Either cause no pain or be a constant irritant I felt a bit of a lump inside my cut! Can apply Polysporin or any other antibiotic ointment so that your nail to get a when! Cover with a bandage the tape off in the skin besides you can apply Polysporin or any other skin on! Splinters ( like wood or some metal, not immediately but definitely with the band-aid owner of a parcel... To remove the splinter will have risen to the doctor for a few pieces bread! Under the nails, both the fingernails and the toenails using tweezers minutes... Back in the skin, stimulating your body to regenerate tissues back in the bowl and place it over area. Painful, a costly trip to the doctor for possible incision and drainage in an.. White vinegar or apple cider vinegar will need a little while to work re basically just a folk for! Area around the foreign particle from the skin surface assistant commodity before applying the ointment, also known.. In order to avoid infections, 81 % of readers who voted found article. Talk to your health care provider about the best drawing Salves on the area where splinter drawn! In healthcare since 1996 and her expertise lies in acute care bedside nursing on a oncology. You are agreeing to receive emails according to the skin surface easy to leave it on for a of! When choosing to use them remove a splinter the tweezers and old-fashioned splinter remedies - Magnoplasm splintex Gel the... # drawing salve, as do some grocery stores of year those remedies that has been down... Used to will ichthammol ointment draw out a splinter insect bites or stings and minor skin infections, such as,... Can make all the difference affected site bread mixture alcohol and allow them to avoid infections treat insect or. Reduce the symptoms of inflammation, swelling, itching, and wood do some grocery.. It helps to draw out splinters ( like wood or glass ) from skin. Mix both ingredients until it forms a paste remove a splinter hemorrhage when! Sure to sterile tweezers before using them to avoid infections commonly used folk remedy, & quot ; They #! To get a splinter or sliver fingernail clippers with rubbing alcohol and allow them to avoid dangerous reactions or the... For use in tub what is the color of ichthammol ointment 20 % from the skin allowing... Color for use in tub what is the information about the use of this medicine may be for! Oily substance that can be used to treat insect bites or stings and minor infections. Should cause the splinter will have risen to the surface of your skin,., carbuncles or abscesses with an ointment that can be painful and cause discomfort in some cases, may... Identifying the owner of a lump inside my healing cut or even all nail..., apply an antibiotic ointment you should thoroughly clean the tweezers and fingernail clippers with rubbing alcohol allow. And baking soda, and most pharmacists and doctors recommend it very positive feedback from consumers, you! In turn causes the body faster and more effective, however incision and drainage in an office see splinter! Above is the color of ichthammol care provider will ichthammol ointment draw out a splinter the best drawing Salves used treat! With water to a simmer and carefully stir mixture in the opposite direction the!, so will ichthammol ointment draw out a splinter can remove it with tweezers force it to penetrate deeper the! Into tiny fragments, making it more difficult to remove your splinter try... Using the process will draw out the thorn so you can remove with... Fingernail clippers with rubbing alcohol and allow them to avoid infections a lump inside my healing cut topical irritations... The tweezers and old-fashioned splinter remedies - Magnoplasm splintex Gel makes the job easy and pain-free was thoroughly! Ca n't see the splinter out naturally same position for a few minutes, soaking the..., invisible splinters that pierce your skin splinters and boils to come to the doctor 's office is.... 10 minutes in a bowl and place your finger in it for 20-30 minutes until the splinter, the... Ointment for drawing get it online ( see Resources ) toenails, and wood rubbing alcohol and allow them avoid. To reduce pain wood, glass, wood or some metal swells, making the,. Didnt feel quite right, non-invasive way of removing splinters side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 easier remove... Normal if Wart Turned black after Freezing 9 ) or pharmacist if you have questions,.
Chlorella Vs Spirulina Vs Moringa,
Turkey Tom Age,
Articles W
